Research findings · September 2026

Where Firm Leaders Are With AI in 2026

Five findings from research conversations across the profession, June to September 2026. The firms represented rank between #50 and #450 on the IPA list.

About the research

66 structured conversations, about 58 hours, June to September 2026.

Between June and September 2026, The Outlier Practice held 66 structured research conversations, roughly 58 hours in all, with people who see the accounting profession’s AI transition from different seats. About two thirds were leaders inside independent firms: managing partners, practice leaders, partners on their firm’s AI committee, chief operating officers, chief information officers, and chief AI officers. The rest were advisors who work with many firms (growth consultants, strategic advisors, people-development consultants, and technology educators) and people who see across firms from the outside (association and alliance executives, publishers, and continuing-education operators).

Every conversation was catalogued before analysis. Accounts of a leader’s own firm were kept separate from what advisors say is true of firms in general. Each conversation was extracted under a written schema that asked for disconfirming evidence first, with two independent extractions run on one conversation to calibrate the schema. Raw themes were reduced to a taxonomy of 40 themes across eight domains, tested for saturation, and every candidate finding was run through a search of published trade press and a dedicated skeptic review that attacked the evidence behind it. What survived is below. This is pattern detection and hypothesis building in a qualitative dataset. It is not a survey, the percentages describe the people we spoke with and no larger population, and nothing here is causal proof. The sample is partly warm: some participants knew the researcher before the conversation. No participant or firm is named, and details that could identify anyone are left out.

structured research conversations
66
hours of conversation
58
of participants are leaders inside independent firms
Two thirds
IPA rank of the firms represented
#50 to #450
Capacity

Nobody could say where the freed hours went, and the one firm that looked found they had not arrived

One firm with a written economics test before any tool is built or bought said that automations which passed the test repeatedly failed to show up in the metrics that matter to the partner group. One group reported a thousand hours a year saved, but nobody can verify what those hours were used for. One firm three years into an audit platform could not prove meaningful savings.

Across every conversation, no leader named a destination for freed hours. Better margins, more revenue, developing the bench, or time back for people: each firm can choose, and zero had any plan for governing the additional capacity. Nor had any firm built a way to detect whether the hours were real. The closest was one partner who measures total hours per person against budget, to bring the highest-hour people down, but it was the only one.

Capacity that nobody aims tends to disappear whether a machine created it or not.

Implication for firm leaders

Decide how to govern capacity before the automation ships. Pick one: margin, revenue, bench development, or time back. Put a number and an owner on it. Hours saved are only an input, so measure the goal itself. At 60 days and again at 180, check it in the firm’s own numbers: was the capacity created, where did it go, and was the result worth the investment?

Posture

Leaders describe their own posture as restraint, while advisors and associations call it frozen

Over half of the firm leaders described their firm’s AI posture as deliberate restraint, and every one of them named a specific refusal with a reason attached. Not being the first firm to try a new tool. Capping the firm at one or two pilots at a time across every line of business. Signing no large contract until the economics are validated. Insisting on a firm-wide approach before picking tools. Dropping tools that turned out to duplicate what an existing license already did. Declining to chase a vendor’s claim.

Strategic advisors, chief AI officers at two Top 100 firms, and several association leaders looking at other firms describe some of the same behavior as being frozen. One AI consultant described a managing partner who had known for two years that his firm needed outside technology leadership and had done nothing about it, partly because admitting the gap to his own people felt worse than living with it. From the outside, restraint and freezing look the same. From the inside they can feel the same too.

Implication for firm leaders

Restraint is a strategy only when it does not cost the firm its competitiveness. Put it on one page: what would have to be true for the firm to act, who checks it, by when, and what happens if the test fails. Restraint without progress is what advisors call frozen, and the firm cannot always tell the difference from inside.

People

The most AI-fluent people in the firm lack authority, and those with authority often inhibit progress

At firm after firm, the most AI-capable people were the people with the least authority to change anything. About 61% of firm leaders described this first-hand. At one firm the interns were all over the tools one summer and gone in the fall, with nothing captured. At another, an intern with a cloud subscription and a few weeks built working tools and demonstrated them to the group her managing partner called the most resistant in the firm, the group changed its approach, and when her internship ended the firm lost what she had built. At a third firm, the heaviest use of a tool landed in a department the tool was never bought for.

The tenured middle is often where the resistance sits. Ten-year staff who say they already do not have enough time to do their job, so learning a tool leaves even less. A consultant described a client firm with a self-taught star builder the firm will not trust with any part of the AI strategy.

One caution: tool fluency and judgment are different things, and the firm sells judgment. Judgment stays with the tenured. Fluency sits with the less tenured. The problem is that most firms have no way to move fluency up without moving judgment down, and some of the fluency walks out the door every August.

Implication for firm leaders

Pair AI-fluent juniors with partners who have the authority to change things. The people already living in the future (the ones who can build or teach what the firm needs to get there) can rarely act on it without help from above. Aim AI training and coaching at senior staff and mid-level managers, on the firm’s own work, because that is where judgment and resistance meet, and the two are connected.

Buying

Pressure enters through conferences and peers, and leaves through individual purchases. Nobody in between checks the claims.

Ask a firm leader what makes AI urgent and the answer is prevalence. Every conference. Every peer group. Every headline. Every vendor email. One managing partner named not wanting to fall behind as his own reason for moving. One leader described their firm’s chief executive coming back from conferences asking why the firm was not doing the far faster audits that vendors said other firms were doing.

Peers are the channel firms trust most: association rooms, alliance peer groups, conference hallways, a weekly call among a dozen managing partners. About half of everyone we spoke with named the peer channel as where trust and information come from. The same channel carries claims nobody has validated. When leaders did check, many of the claims did not hold. A vendor named a firm as a client before any contract existed. Products were sold that duplicated what an existing license already did. And peers years into a platform told one practice leader that the ROI had not arrived, because the work moved upstream into cleaning the data the platform needed (work the vendor had promised would not be needed).

Inside the firm, the buying itself often had no gate. One operations leader described two overlapping AI tools bought within weeks of each other by different people, the overlap discovered after both contracts were signed. Other leaders described a subtler version: every platform the firm already runs now ships AI, so the choice gets harder each quarter and nobody owns it.

Implication for firm leaders

Before a claim from the stage becomes a mandate to your practice leaders, call the named firm and ask exactly how they reorganized the process. Then install a buying gate: no contract gets signed until one named person confirms what it replaces, what it duplicates, and who will own the rollout and the ROI check.

Outside help

Outside help is abundant. What leaders could not do was tell which kind they needed, or when

The leaders who went looking for help found candidates quickly. An association chief executive said she could pick up the phone and reach people who do AI work well. No one we spoke with described a shortage of technical experts or AI thought leaders.

However, about 40% of firm leaders described, first-hand, not knowing how to evaluate the options in front of them, and others described the same gap in their peers. Partners struggling to find someone with both technical and commercial expertise, when most vendors lean heavily to one side. A managing partner without a technology background who needs to learn from others because he cannot put the pieces together alone. A chief executive asking who the person is who should own AI strategy, and knowing it is not her. An operations leader who struggles to connect tool usage to the strategic plan.

When leaders did trust outside help, the bar was high, but surprisingly human. Chief AI officers and the firm leaders furthest ahead named change management as critical, and described treating AI as a change in behavior and process more than a change in technology. Several named a working demonstration on the firm’s own work. AI fluency came a distant third.

One hypothesis sits behind this finding and is labeled as such: the firms describing gates, builds, and sequencing were the ones with a named owner of the technology decision, a partner hired for it, a chief operating officer with the mandate, an AI committee that reports to the partners, or a cross-disciplinary team working inside leadership’s guardrails.

Implication for firm leaders

Have the diagnosis before you shop for solutions. One page: where the biggest return sits, what kind of help (an audit, strategic advisory, training, a custom build, or some mix), who owns the decision inside the firm, and by when. The steps missing at most firms are the ones before tool selection.

Our why

Independent firms must prosper.

In a desirable world, the underdog must have a chance to win. Speed versus size, legacy versus brand, ingenuity versus strength. Dynamism requires competition. Clients and professionals must have the ability to choose independence and thrive.

Today, resources win.

Size is a proxy for power. There are few things that can’t be won with more available resources to throw at them. Industry consolidation is emptying out the “middle,” pressuring independent firms to sell, stay small, or struggle.

Technology is the great equalizer.

Every firm has access to the same intelligence. The outliers are breaking away based on how, where, and why it’s used. Firms of all sizes deploying AI strategically across the people, services, and operations that grow them can benefit disproportionately to the resources they have available. But to do so requires thinking and acting differently, aligning resources correctly, and moving boldly into the future.

Embrace the new leverage.

Leverage is the multiplier between what you put in and what you get out. For decades, the profession has embraced Maister’s vertical leverage: the staff-to-partner ratio. To increase leverage, a firm had to add people and push work down. In this model, size won. AI adds the horizontal dimension, a multiplier for every person and process in the firm. Growth potential becomes untethered from available time, headcount, and capital. This is how an outlier firm finds its unfair advantage.

Heart is now the differentiator.

In the Industrial Revolution, machines disrupted muscle. In today’s intelligence revolution, machines are disrupting minds. The heart must take center stage, so that human ethics guide financial engineering. We must ensure that AI works for us, not instead of us. This approach forces us to choose raising ambition over reducing costs, expanding human capacity over replacing it, increasing agency over reducing it. It’s easy in theory but difficult in practice. Implementing this ideology means an increasing number of professionals will have the ability to earn more while working less. The outlier firms that lead with heart will become magnets for top talent, creating an upward spiral that elevates the owners, employees, and clients alike.

Be an outlier.

History had room for slow and steady. The future will reward those who embrace it first. Our job is to live in that future, translate what we find, build what you’re missing, and teach what will help you win. Our job is to ensure your prosperity.